However, there is no proteomic data from okra have been reported to date. Most of DEPs had functions related to stress response and defense. A total of 128 DEPs were identified from salt-treated cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) roots by the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic technique. Thirty differentially abundant proteins in response to salinity, which were involved in four types of biological processes in oat leaves, were detected by two dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. There have been many studies on proteomic changes in response to NaCl treatment in plants such as Arabidopsis, rice, barley, wheat, maize, soybean, tomato, and cucumber. Proteomics analysis is a tool to facilitate the study of global protein expression, and to provide a wealth of information on the role of individual proteins in specific biological processes. There is limited genome sequence information available on okra. Omics technologies are potentially important tools to enhance our understanding of how to improve okra growth and yield under adverse environmental factors. Okra has the ability to tolerate arsenic stress, but cadmium (Cd) accumulation in okra has negative effects on the physiological and biochemical characteristics, growth and development, and yield of okra, meaning that this plant may not be a suitable crop for cultivation in Cd-contaminated soil. In recent years, many researchers have studied the tolerance of okra to various abiotic stresses. It is widely cultivated in warm regions around the world. Okra is grown for its immature pods, which are rich in fiber and vitamins. Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), also known as qiukui, lady’s fingers and quimgombo, is an annual herb and a vital vegetable crop of the mallow family. Research is providing insights into the molecular and biochemical basis of plant stress tolerance, with the ultimate goal of developing crop cultivars capable of achieving increased yield under salinized conditions. For example, osmotic regulation in the face of salt stress can be achieved by the plant accumulating soluble osmotic protectant substances including proline, polyol betaines, and soluble sugars. ![]() Plants have evolved effective strategies to withstand under these various salt-induced stresses. It can cause water deficit, ionic toxicity, nutritional imbalance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, giving rise to protein and nucleic acid damage, growth and yield decline, and even plant death. High concentrations of NaCl in salinized soil affect plant growth at different physiological levels. NaCl is the most common salt at present and it has always been the focus of salinity research. By 2050, over 50% of the world’s cultivated land is predicted to be salinized. The increase in salinization leads to an annual global the loss of 10 million hectares of farmland. Soil salinization is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting plant growth and threatening agricultural production, and is a problem that continues to spread worldwide. This information provides a reference direction for further research on the okra proteome in the downstream of the salt stress response, with our data revealing that the responses of okra to salt stress involves by various pathways. ![]() ![]() Furthermore, several heat shock proteins were identified as DEPs. Enriched gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that the DEPs were most strongly associated with “response to stress” and “protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum”. Based on the above data, we carried out a systematic bioinformatics analysis of proteins with information, including protein annotation, domain characteristics, functional classification, and pathway enrichment. In the NaCl/control comparison group, there were 317 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 165 proteins were upregulated and 152 proteins downregulated in the presence of NaCl. ![]() ResultsĪ total of 7179 proteins were identified in this study, for which quantitative information was available for 5774 proteins. To understand the effects of salt stress on the protein level of okra, a comparative proteomic analysis of okra seedlings grown in the presence of 0 or 300 mmol L − 1 NaCl treatment was performed using an integrated approach of Tandem Mass Tag labeling and LC-MS/MS integrated approach. Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is an important vegetable crop of the mallow family, which is now cultivated in warm regions worldwide. Understanding the mechanisms plants use to protect against salt stress will help breeders develop salt-tolerant vegetable crops. Salinization seriously threatens land use efficiency and crop yields across the world.
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